The verse “Spend your wealth in the cause of Allah and do not let your own hands throw you into destruction and…” is one of the verses of the Holy Quran that jurists have cited it in various discussions (Al-Baqarah, 2:195). There are many debates in determining the extent of the prohibition and how to interpret this verse, although the use of the prohibition of casting (throwing) from this verse is not debatable. This paper which has been done by descriptive analytical method, seeks to answer the question: Is the criterion of the prohibition of casting into Tahluka (Arabic: التَّهْلُکَة, destruction), probability, presumption, fear with individual criterion or generic fear? This research criticizes the presented criteria after stating the meaning of the verse and presenting the viewpoints and firstly, the presented criteria accepts the generality of casting into Tahluka (Arabic: التَّهْلُکَة, destruction), considering the criticisms of other views and considering that the case cannot limit (restrict) the general and expanded meaning of the verse and secondly, due to the fact that rulings are enacted on titles and subjects in Islamic Sharia (Arabic: شریعة, Romanized: sharīʿa) and it is also accepted the theory of generic fear that is the customary ruling for the destruction of the person due to the improbability of jurists’ obligation to personal fear essential concomitants and due to the recension (the effective cause) of the fatwā (Arabic: فتوی; plural fatāwā فتاوی) of jurists in verses such as the mentioned verse. Therefore, casting into Tahluka (Arabic: التَّهْلُکَة, destruction) is forbidden, if it is from the perspective of custom for the human race.

In this article, entrepreneurship in Zanjan Physical Education Administrational office and its relationship with personal, personality and organizational factors was investigated in order to encourage and prompt the entrepreneurship level during the time span of February 2008 till September 2008. To this end, we formulated the corresponding directional hypothesis and examined the kind and degree of relationship between personal, personality and organizational specialties variables with entrepreneurship. The results indicated meaningful correlation indices between each of the variables of personal, personality and organizational specialties with entrepreneurship. Further, a meaningful relationship was found between the mentioned variables and entrepreneurship.The results of statistical analysis confirmed that only personality can accountfor 69.64% of changes in entrepreneurship. Also, level of entrepreneurship in this organization with score of 30.47 is lower than the average level (50%).Finally, some suggestions and guidelines are provided to improve entrepreneurship level based on the research results.

Nowadays numerous types of first aid bags and pouches with various shapes, sizes and contents are being produced kind of. such as: First aid kits in houses, workshops, fire stations, rescue teams, schools, first aid stations and military forces. The designers and producers of these bags with such vast varieties intend to acquire the best results in the primary stages of the rescue process considering the existing difficulties. This also counts for providing the aid bags for military forces and units, which have an exclusive significance. This article discusses the various types of military individual aid kits and the different factors, which should be taken in to consideration in manufacturing such products. In addition this article emphasizes the significance of various aid kits in military forces, ranks (based on their mission) and provides a general view in this regard.  

Background & Aims: One of the most important challenges of today's managers in organizations is the insufficient use of intellectual resources, mental capacity and potential capacities of human resources,In most organizations, the capabilities of employees are not used optimally and managers are not able to use their potential. Certainly, an organization is more successful if it has a capable and committed workforce, because empowerment is one of the newest techniques to increase effectiveness and efficiency by increasing the commitment and organizational citizenship behavior of human resources. However, in general, psychological competence and individual creativity are among the important variables in people's working lives and can play an important role in individual and organizational growth. Researchers believe that these variables are more individual and can be developed through intervention strategies. In this regard, psycho-individual strategies can be one of the effective strategies on the development of psychological ability and creativity of the individual that can provide the field of mental well-being to the field of mastery of job processes. Psychological education generally refers to a set of complementary therapeutic interventions that operate with a systematic, structured and educational approach to the development of mental and psychological aspects. In fact, this method takes steps to create lasting behavioral changes in the target individuals by providing individual and social educational goals. However, in general, considering the job pressures and increasing burnout, as well as psychological problems of employees and reducing innovation and job creativity in organizations, recognizing appropriate strategies for psychological empowerment and individual creativity is noteworthy and important. Therefore, considering the positive effects of psycho-individual mechanisms on various physical and psychological dimensions and research gap in the field of its effects on psychological competence and individual creativity, the aim of this study is to provide therapeutic solutions based on psycho-individual mechanisms on psychological competence and individual creativity. Methods: This research in terms of Purpose is applied and in terms of how to do it is Descriptive correlation type (regression). The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part includes the elites in the field of organizational psychology as well as some selected managers of sports and youth departments. The interview continued until reaching theoretical saturation (10 people). The sampling method was purposeful. The statistical population in a small part includes all the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, of course, except for the service staff who are working in this organization in 1399. The statistical population was equal to 890 people and the number of samples was equal to 500 people, of which 485 questionnaires were returned correctly. In this study, three questionnaires have been used, including a questionnaire of treatment strategies based on psycho-individual mechanisms, researcher-made and based on theoretical foundations and interviews with experts (20 items and four components), Spritzer Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire (1995) (18 items and Five components) and the Creativity Questionnaire Randsip (1979) (30 items). Results: To evaluate the fit of the structural model of the research, several criteria are used, the first and most basic of which are the coefficients of significance t or t-values. If the value of these numbers exceeds 0. 95, it indicates the correctness of the relationship between the variables and thus confirms the research hypotheses at the confidence level of 1. 96. Of course, it should be noted that the numbers only show the correctness of the relationship and the intensity of the relationship between the variables can not be measured with it. The value of R2 is zero for exogenous or independent variables. In this section, the value of R2 is equal to a strong value for the two variables of the research model of individual creativity and psychological empowerment. Q2 value: This criterion for both dependent variables of the research model is more than 0. 15, which indicates that the exogenous variables (independent) are moderate in predicting the dependent variable and the proper fit of the structural model of the research is somewhat burdensome. Another confirms. General Model Fit (GOF): The general model includes both the measurement and structural model parts, and by confirming its fit, the fit of the model is checked. Considering the three values of 0. 01, 0. 25 and 0. 36, which are introduced as weak, medium and strong values for GOF, in both variables, a value greater than 0. 36 was obtained, which indicates a strong overall fit of the model. According to the results of structural equation modeling, the T-value of both relationships in the research model is more than 2. 58, so at the level of 0. 99, therapeutic strategies based on psycho-individual mechanisms on individual creativity and empowerment it is psychologically influential. Conclusion: Reason for the effectiveness of psychological interventions is that psychological training disrupts the processing of dysfunctional thoughts and negative biases due to metacognitive monitoring and the person deals with it more consciously, so this leads to changing defective patterns of thinking and training attention control skills., Increases the preventive aspect of treatment. Psychological training involves maintaining awareness voluntarily and based on attention to specific topics such as bodily emotions from one moment to the next. HoweverWhen the mind is distracted by thoughts, feelings, sounds, and experiences in general, the content of those experiences is memorized and then attention is slowly but surely turned to specific protected goals. This process is repeated many times. In fact, by using psychological techniques such as conscious breathing practice, it can be used again to return to the present. As in the technique of pervasive observation, thoughts are seen only as an object, not necessarily reality itself, and these factors improve coping and regulation of one's emotions. . However, in general, improving the mental and physical condition of individuals through psycho-individual mechanisms by creating favorable physical and psychological conditions for the individual can lead them to focus on career advancement, personal empowerment and increase creativity and innovation. Psychoindividual mechanisms can improve the process of information processing in the mind and provide the conditions for improving cognitive processes such as attention and memory. However, it is suggested that managers and officials of organizations to benefit from the psychological-individual mechanisms of employees. However, some of the limitations of the present study include the corona virus epidemic and difficult access to the statistical population and limited research background.

The main aim of the study was to compare sensation seeking trait and their components in athletes individual and non-athlete’s individual. The research method was the casual-comparative study. All subjects studied included 160 subjects (80 students, 80 student athletes and non-athletes) with a mean age of 22 years. For assessment of sensation seeking and their components politics Zuckerman scale (SSS-V) was used. Cronbach's alpha for this scale questions 0/75 and correlation between subjects score twice in the space of four weeks r=0.79 reported. Data analysis using t test, revealed that sensation seeking trait and their components in athlete’s individual higher than non-athletes individual.

Recent behavioral asset pricing models and the popular press suggest that investors may follow similar strategies resulting in crowded equity positions to push prices further away. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of Individual Stock Crowded Trades and Individual Stock Investor Sentiment on Excess Returns. This paper develops a new approach to measure individual stock crowded trades, and further investigates the joint effects of individual stock crowded trades and individual stock investor sentiment on excess returns. To achieve this goal, two hypotheses were developed. The population consisted of all companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. To test the hypotheses, using a systematic method, 186 companies were selected during the years 2013-2017. Multiple regression and panel data have been used to analyze the data. The results of the research hypotheses show that changes in Individual stock investor sentiment in Tehran Stock Exchange market are effective on Excess stock. In Individual stock crowded trades changes in the swing in the stock market lead to a change in Excess stock.

The objective of the present study is to find a model of family resilience based on individual and family factors with an emphasis on the mediating role of individual resilience. In this study correlation, the sample of 210 patients from the MS Community of Qom were selected by available sampling method. Then, they responded to the following tests and questionnaires: Family Assessment Device (FAD), Family Assessment Correlation (FACES-III), social support-family scale (PSSFa), Conner and Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Family Resilience (FHI), and Life Meaning Questionnaire (MLQ). The Data were analyzed by applying correlation coefficient, separate multiple regression, the technique of separate information, and finding the model of structural equation according to the method of path analysis. Findings indicate that meaning in life as an exogenous variable is only a meaningful predictor of individual resilience and family function. However, individual resilience is only a predictor of family correlation subsequently associated with family resilience via this. Among all variables, two variables of family function and family correlation have a direct impact on family resilience. There is no meaningful coefficient between family support and other variables of individual and family resilience. Therefore, it can be concluded that some individual factors can only provide the conditions for family resilience and have no direct effect on it. In fact, individual factors will affect the family resilience when it is accompanied by family factors.